In recent months, human cases of avian influenza—also known as bird flu—have appeared across the country; first in Texas, then Michigan, and now in Colorado. So far, the illness has been limited to farmworkers who were exposed to infected poultry and cattle. However, as with any virus, it’s important to understand the risks, symptoms, and resources available.

Here’s what to know about bird flu, and how to stay safe.

What Is Bird Flu?

Bird flu is an illness caused by influenza viruses that primarily infect birds. The virus usually spreads through mucus, saliva, or feces. Although rare, human infections can occur through unprotected contact with infected birds or other animals like cows. This year, 13 states have detected bird flu outbreaks in dairy cattle.

Infection can also occur by inhaling droplets with the virus or contacting contaminated surfaces and then touching the eyes, mouth, or nose. Human cases can range from mild to severe and may be fatal.

What Types of Birds Are Affected?

Bird flu affects various wild birds, including waterfowl like ducks, geese, and swans, as well as shorebirds such as storks. While wild birds often carry the virus without showing symptoms, the infection can spread to domestic poultry like chickens and turkeys which may become severely ill or die. Domestic poultry can contract bird flu through contact with infected wild birds or their food and water.

Common backyard birds, such as cardinals, robins, sparrows, blue jays, crows, and pigeons, are generally not affected by bird flu viruses that pose a risk to poultry, cattle, or humans.

Symptoms and Safety Precautions

 In birds, symptoms include respiratory distress, decreased egg production, and swelling. Severe cases can result in high mortality rates. Biosecurity practices, monitoring and controlling bird movements, and vaccination (where applicable) can help fight the spread

In humans, symptoms may resemble those of the flu, including fever, cough, and sore throat. Severe cases can lead to pneumonia or other serious complications. Always avoid contact with birds you suspect may be sick, and practice good hygiene like frequent handwashing.

Managing Your Risk

For those at low risk of contracting bird flu, including the general public, staying informed is still important. You can monitor outbreaks using the sources below:

• California — Click here to monitor avian influenza news at the state level. On June 28, 2024, California completed the requirements to self-declare free from bird flu in its poultry populations.
• Nationwide — Click here to follow the CDC’s latest case counts for humans, poultry, and dairy herds.

For individuals at increased risk, such as bird owners or farm employees, resources include:

• Veterinary Services — Research local veterinarians who specialize in poultry or avian health for guidance on vaccination and other precautions.
• Poultry Associations — The California Poultry Federation provides information and support for poultry owners. They offer valuable guidance on best practices and outbreak management.

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